Far away from the Indian mainland
in the watery expanses of the Bay of Bengal lies the last outpost of the
prehistoric times. A tiny place where the world is still exactly as it was 50,000
years ago with a few minor exceptions. It’s a little island named North
Sentinel Island, a little earthen dot in the lap of sea measuring 60 square
kilometers in area with an approximately squarish outline. It’s inhabited by a
prehistoric tribe called Sentinelese.
Let’s call it the Kingdom of Sentinelese.
The prehistoric kingdom’s population is estimated to be about 50 to 200. Its
seashore is roughly 50 meters wide. It’s bordered with littoral growth, which
leads to a dense tropical evergreen forest. Its citizens are hunter-gatherers
who use bows and arrows, collect seafood, wear bark strings on their handsome
black nakedness and carry daggers in string waist-belts as a mark of confidence
and courage. Their homes are poorly contrived huts having leaf-covered roofs.
And in brush with the other-worldly civilization they scavenge for the metal pieces
that wash ashore—to them it must be just like any other offering by father
sea—to make tools, spears and metal-tipped arrows with these to go for hunting
pigs on the land and making canoes for lagoon fishing. Imagine they must be
thinking that the metal is a produce of the sea just like fish!
There is no clue about their
language. It’s primarily based on lots of gesticulations, exclamations and body
movements. They are happy in their world and aren’t interested in interacting
with the outer world.
Their history, in our
chronological terms, starts in 1771 when an East India Company’s hydrographic
survey vessel, the Diligent, observed ‘a multitude of lights…upon the shore’.
It happens to be the old civilization’s first brush with modern history.
Wars and battles are defined in
proportion to the level of upheavals they carry for the geography, lifestyle
and population of a particular place, region or country. So the tiny isolated
place with its miniscule prehistoric population has a right to term its minute
skirmishes with the outer world as wars and battles because they shake the very
roots of their existence.
The Battle of October 1867: An Indian merchant vessel named Nineveh
got stranded on a reef off the coast of the North Sentinel Island. The
passengers and the crew landed on the prehistoric kingdom’s beach. On the third
day as they lazily started their breakfast, there was an assault by a group of
naked, short-haired, red-painted inhabitants. It was a confident breezy
assault. The Sentinelese bowmen forced the ship’s captain to escape in a boat.
The defeated head of the rival army was later rescued by a brig. The Royal Navy
sent a rescue party. They took all the survivors on board. Thankfully the
stranded crew had somehow managed to repel the attackers with sticks and
stones. There were no fatal casualties on both sides apart from cuts, wounds
and sore throats born of constant shouting and cuss words. As the civilized man
departed from their primitive shores, the Sentinelese must have celebrated
their first victory over the enemy coming from the wombs of the sea in their
strange vessels.
The Assault of 1880: It was more organized and target-oriented
encroachment by the outsiders. Andaman and Nicobar’s colonial administrator
Naurice Vidal Portman—who had his own administrative reasons to scout the
island falling within his jurisdiction—arrived on the shore with an armed group
of convict-orderlies, Europeans and Andamanese trackers from other indigenous
groups who had been brought under the yoke of ‘civilization’. It was big and a
well-organized army this time. The islanders fled the scene. So that would go
as a shameful defeat in the annals of their history. After days of futile
search they caught an elderly man, woman and four children. So that accounts
for the first mass kidnapping of its citizens—given their tiny population. Away
from home and exposed to strange diseases, the elderly man and the woman died
but the children somehow survived. The colonial administrator sent back the
children with gifts from the other world. I’m sure strange myths and legends
would have spun in the prehistoric kingdom based on what the children saw
‘outside’ and the things brought with them. Maybe certain stories, including
strange Gods and demons based on these experiences, do the rounds among the
tiny group. Or maybe the descendants of those returned children would claim
more privileged status in the tribal society because their ancestors fought
their way back from the enemy from the sea.
The Triumph of 1896: A convict escaped from the penal colony on the
Great Andaman island using a makeshift raft. The lone runaway landed on the
North Sentinelese beach. This time it was easy for the defending army. He was
easily slayed. In the coming years they successfully accomplished arrow
piercings and throat cutting with some odd convicts who landed on their shore
by sheer bad luck. I’m sure the Sentinelese bowman whose arrows killed these
unfortunate convicts must have claimed a heroic status in local myth and
folklore.
In between, various British
colonial administrators landed on the beach—not with the intention to rout and
kill them altogether because had they wished it, it could have been done
easily—with the purpose of academic research and a keen sense of curiosity,
almost like searching for a new animal species in the forest. The prehistoric
tribesmen would retreat into the inner parts after shooting arrows and making angry
gesticulations. And when the research parties went back to the other part of
the cosmos, i.e., the sea, they must have felt proud of their natural
fortification and would have imagined that the enemy retreated because of the
fear of their arrows and spears.
After independence, the Indian
government declared the island a tribal reserve for anthropological research
and studies. So they are protected under the Indian law. The Indian coast guard
maintains an armed patrol to prohibit travel within three nautical miles off
the prehistoric shores. During their protecting patrols, the Indian coast guards
have taken photos of naked men aiming arrows at them. The kingdom of the
Sentinelese have every reason to believe that they are continuously warding off
the enemy with their sticks, stones, bows and spears who dare not come onshore
to meet them in a battle. Well, isn’t our imagination bound by the extent of
our knowledge? They must be having regular watch posts and parties to ward off
the enemy who is their protectors in reality. If not for them there would be
intruders and a little party with automatic weapons would destroy the
prehistoric kingdom. But this assumption that their strict vigil parties keep
the patrol parties away must have given rise to a rudimentary system of army,
posts and watch parties. What a way to keep busy on the basis of imagined realities!
We too are doing the same, by the way—at a bigger scale though. Who knows a far
more advanced and evolved form of life somewhere in the cosmos has declared us
to be a tiny reserve to protect us and watch with amusement all the savage
antics going on our small place? The UFOs might actually be the space
patrols—like the Indian navy patrols around the tiny island to protect it—to
keep the intruders away. And just like the Sentinelese are happy in warding off
the outsiders, we too are beating our chests with pride for having defended our
place so bravely.
The Battle of 1974: A National Geographic team approached the
island to a make a documentary. The chief modus operandi was to give them gifts
to earn their trust. As the motorboat broke through the surrounding barrier
reef and entered their calm fishing lagoon, the Sentinelese advance guard
launched a barrage of arrows. The crew but landed at a safe beach. They left
behind an interesting assortment of gifts—a plastic toy car to catch the fancy
of some prehistoric kid, a live pig to make their mouth water, a doll to raise
the fancy of some little girl and aluminum cookware to tickle the kitchen
nerves in a woman. They responded very wisely. They launched a fresh barrage of
arrows. One of the arrows hit the documentary director in his thigh. The man
who had hit the director proudly laughed from behind a tree. Others speared the
pig and buried it with the doll. But they took away coconuts and kitchenware.
God knows what will they do with the utensils! But it was a handsome victory.
The Sentinelese bravado had once again saved the motherland. The brave man who
had injured the enemy commander must have been given extra coconuts from the
war booty that day. And these little-little victories against the small parties
of outsiders must have acquired the bloody proportions of pitched battles won
with lots of efforts and bravery. I’m glad that they aren’t aware of the million-strong
armies, automatic guns, artillery, tanks, fighter jets and nuclear weapons. Our
reality seems to be framed on the basis of what we ‘don’t’ know.
The Arrival of a Friendly Alien: Famed anthropologist TN Pandit is
known for his pioneer work among the indigenous tribal groups scattered over
various islands in the Andaman and Nicobar. Many hitherto untouched tribals positively
responded to his gentle, friendly touch. He slowly, silently crept into their
little world and danced exuberantly with bare-breasted Jarawa tribe women. He
acted as a scholarly bridge between the so-called civilized and the so-called
primitive man. The untouched tribals would dance with him, take off his
clothes, examine his anatomy to find similarities between the outsider and themselves.
The Jarawas slowly got assimilated in the society. Then Jarawa women started
giving birth to the babies of the settlers. They picked up clothes, dropped
their bows and arrows (and their raw pride and freedom with it). Their raw
dignity and freedom was gone. Many were turned into beggars or mere showpieces
for the tourists to marvel at. But these are the spin-offs of modernity. The
earth has to turn a mono-culture, and primitiveness chucked off from
everywhere. But at least it is still preserved at a little island far off in
the Bay of Bengal.
Mr Pandit led many academic
attempts to connect with the Sentinelese between 1967 and 1991. He knew how to
connect with the aborigines and had won the trust of many raw, animalistic
tribes of the region. But the Sentinelese were the toughest to approach. They
always wanted to retain their prehistoric ethos. Mr. Pandit made several
friendly expeditions in the 1980s and early 1990s. Maybe the fair Kashmiri
Pandit definitely carried some raw prehistoric fragrance in him which allowed
him to win the trust of many other indigenous tribal groups. He would leave
gifts on the shore. It was a shaky love-hate contact. Sometimes they would
throw away the gifts into the sea, shouting, aiming arrows, flashing their
genitals at the outsiders scanning them through telescopes from a distance.
Sometimes they waved and took some of the gifts, leaving the rest untouched.
Sometimes they turned their backs to show a defecating gesture. It was a kind
of no-welcome gesture; maybe a type of message that we take a dump on your
civilized society. Sometimes they would start swaying their penises, as if
proclaiming their utter freedom, thus challenging the civilized man to do the
same.
Then arrived the first soft brace
of the old with the new on January 4, 1991. Perhaps it would go down as the
ancient society’s brief truce with the enemy. The first touch! Very tentative
though. A young woman named Madhumala Chattopadhyay was part of the scholarly
expedition. Maybe they found a woman’s presence assuring. She seemed to have
convinced them that there was no danger. As a symbol of ceasefire, a
Sentinelese woman fighter pushed her arrow down on the beach sand. A man
followed by burying his weapon on the beach as a symbolic gesture of holding
fire. They approached the scholarly party without their weapons. Coconuts were
distributed hand-to-hand, the outsiders in their boat and the islanders in the
sea walking towards the boat in neck deep waters. It turned a gift, not a
charity throwaway like earlier. Maybe Mr Pandit and Ms Madhumala appeared to
them having saintly touch. The islanders must have named them favorably as some
reincarnation of their deities. Further expeditions without Mr Pandit were not
met with friendly bearing. Maybe they still remember Mr Pandit as a kindly man
from across the seas. Then the government of India closed all voluntary
approach methods to reach out to the islanders, leaving them in peace to
preserve their prehistoric ways. The Sentinelese army must be basking in pride
for having finally defeated the enemy from the waters because they no longer
bother them.
The Sentinelese must have a name
for their world, for their kingdom. That isn’t known to us. But for our
convenience, an official surveying party fixed a stone tablet on a disused
stone hearth to declare it a part of India. Maybe a far more intelligent and
developed life form has left a similar tablet claiming earth as its territory,
while all of us quibble on the small place like the Sentinelese must be doing,
thinking that their existence and survival is guaranteed because they can fight
with their arrows. While in reality maybe we are merely left as a little
prehistoric dot of earth for academic amusement and anthropological studies by
a far-far advanced life-form.
The Sentinelese Expedition to Explore the Outside World (1981): On
August 2, 1981, a cargo-ship named MV Primrose laden with chickenfeed from
Bangladesh and bound for Australia ran aground off the island. After a few days
the captain gave a distress call for firearms. It was the first organized
takeover attempt of an enemy object by the prehistoric tribe. About fifty
islanders prepared their boats to take over the ship. They launched the attack.
Luckily strong winds deflected their arrows and prevented their canoes from
reaching the ship. The thirty-one member crew held off the invaders with axes,
pipes, flare guns and lots of cuss words and abuses which come very handy
during wartimes. A civilian helicopter evacuated them after a week. The tribal
army must have felt jubilant seeing the enemy flying away scared of their
arrows in their strange vehicle. The shipwreck lay about 90 meters from the
shore. Of course now it was a war booty item for the aborigines. They
triumphantly got onto the abandoned vessel and scoured it for metal pieces to upgrade
the next version of weaponry for their modern army, the metal-tipped arrows and
spears. Far away in the outside world, a dealer won a contract to dismantle the
ship. This work would last for about 18 months. Maybe at this period of time, the
Sentinelese army was led by their bravest general so far. He must have acquired
cult proportion in the society because under him they were going out to face
the enemy instead of defending from their fortress. Two or three days after the
work began, at low tide, the contractor saw three canoes bearing around twelve
Sentinelese brave-hearts about fifty feet from the shipwreck. He offered truce
over the war booty. As a signal of adjusting their claim on the vessel, which
they thought to have won after a battle, he offered them bananas. The brave
soldiers accepted the tribute of submission and came onboard and began to take
what they thought they had won after the last battle—the smallest pieces of
metal scrap to modernize their army, leaving the rest for the enemy from the
sea. They visited twice or thrice every month while the dismantling work
progressed.
The Doomsday of 2004 (Tsunami): It must have been their day of pralaya when the existence burst and a
new phase started after it. There were tectonic changes to the island. It got
enlarged after merger with small islands. The sea floor got raised by 1.5
meters. The coral reefs were exposed to the air, thus destroying their fishing
lagoons. The government of India carried out aerial expeditions to provide help
and assess their casualties. There must have been deaths for sure but many had
survived as viewed from the flying choppers. But the survivors turned hostile
and aimed arrows at the reconnoitering helicopters. I think they imagined this
catastrophe as the handiwork of the enemy from the sea, who having failed in
all its earlier attempts to defeat them now launched some watery attack to
annihilate them.
Taking Revenge on the Enemy Soldiers (2006): A fishing boat
carrying two Indian fishermen drifted off into the shallows near the
Sentinelese kingdom. They were killed, their bodies put on stakes facing the
sea. It was a stronger message for the enemy. They must have thought that the
enemy was trying to snoop on their debilitated strength after the Tsunami
strike. A helicopter sent to take away the bodies was pelted with arrows. They
won’t take any chance with the enemy anymore.
The War against Organized Religion (2018): Chau, a trained American
Christian missionary, entered the prehistoric kingdom illegally without any
permit from the kingdom’s unseen protector, the state of India. He paid money
to the local fishermen to take him 500-700 meters off the Sentinelese coast and
then continued alone in a canoe. On his first approach he received a hostile
reaction to his gifts. As his diaries would later elaborate, another time they
received him with a ‘mixture of amusement, bewilderment and hostility’. He sang
worship songs and tried to converse with them in Xhoba (some basic tribal
language spoken among the so-called civilized tribes in the Andaman and Nicobar
group). They would giggle, and made high-pitched sounds and gestures. His last
letter says that when he tried to give fish and other gifts, a boy shot a
metal-headed arrow which pierced the Bible he was holding in front of his
chest. What a clear statement! We aren’t for any organized religion here! The
fishermen looking from a distance last saw his body being dragged on the shore.
An attempt to retrieve his body was aborted. I think the graves of the few
people like him must be serving as the proof of the annihilation of the enemy
who came to conquer them.
This is the history of the last
prehistoric kingdom on the earth. I think that’s how myths, histories and
legends develop at a larger scale as well on the earth in its various parts.
Our assumed reality seems to be framed by our ignorance.